Exterior sheathing panel with integrated air/water barrier membrane

ABSTRACT

An exterior sheathing cementitious panel which prevents water penetration and air leakage is provided. Methods for manufacturing exterior sheathing cementitious panels with a highly efficient integrated air/water barrier membrane are provided as well.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application is a continuation patent application of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14/198,093 filed Mar. 5, 2014 which claimsits priority to U.S. provisional patent application 61/792,545 filedMar. 15, 2013, the entire disclosures of which are expresslyincorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to a building exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane and methods for manufacturing andinstalling the panel.

BACKGROUND

The premise of an air/water barrier as part of a building envelopebarrier system is to stop the unintended passage of air, water, andother elements into and out of a building enclosure. Exterior air/waterbarrier sheet membranes were first introduced into the industry, butthere are several problems associated with installing sheets in thefield because the seams are such critical junctures. Installation of thesheets does not always match the instructions provided by themanufacturer. Environmental conditions (e.g., wind, temperature, rain,etc.) can create significant obstacles for the successful installationof sheet materials. Moreover, the sheet backing typically provides apoor bonding surface for other construction materials, thereby makingsheets difficult to adhere.

Fluid-applied air/water barrier membranes are newer to the industry andare gaining acceptance as an alternative to sheet membrane barrierproducts. Fluid-applied membrane barrier products are faster to installthan sheet membrane barrier products at the jobsite. The typicalinstallation crew requirements are smaller than with sheet membranebarrier installations. Fluid-applied membranes are typically sprayapplied on the jobsite, which greatly increases the production ratecompared to the application of sheet membranes. However, issues with theapplication can occur, such as an incorrect amount of material beingapplied due to applicator error, equipment problems, and/orenvironmental conditions (e.g., wind, temperature, rain, etc.). Suchissues impact not only the quality and durability of the air/waterbarrier installation but can also incur significant additional costs toclean up and repair damage to adjacent buildings and cars due tooverspray.

Conventional methods for installation of the exterior sheathing, airbarrier and water resistant barrier requires separate crews whichaccomplish installation around the building perimeter in several steps:to install the sheathing first, then finish the joints on the secondround, and then install the water resistant barrier and the air barrieryet in the next and separate round.

Thus, there continues to be a need for providing an air/water barriermembrane that minimizes problems associated with installation. Therealso continues to be a need for building panels coated with an air/waterbarrier membrane under controlled conditions during manufacturing.

It will be appreciated that this background description has been createdby the inventors to aid the reader and is not to be taken as anindication that any of the indicated problems were themselvesappreciated in the art. While the described principles can, in someaspects and embodiments, alleviate the problems inherent in othersystems, it will be appreciated that the scope of the protectedinnovation is defined by the attached claims and not by the ability ofany disclosed feature to solve any specific problem noted herein.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure is directed to embodiments of abuilding cementitious panel which prevents water penetration and airleakage.

One embodiment is directed to a cementitious panel comprising acementitious core, at least one cover sheet and an integrated air/waterbarrier membrane. In the panel, a cover sheet is sandwiched between thecementitious core and the integrated air/water barrier membrane. Thecementitious core may comprise a calcium sulfate material, Portlandcement or a combination of the two. The panel may include a second coversheet and in this embodiment, a cementitious core is sandwiched betweenthe first cover sheet and the second cover sheet, and the first coversheet is sandwiched between the cementitious core and the integratedair/water barrier membrane.

In some embodiments, the cementitious panel includes a paper sheet or afibrous mat as a cover sheet. Various fibers can be used in the mat,including without limitation polymeric and mineral fibers.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel comprises an integratedair/water barrier membrane which includes from 30 to 70% by weight of apolymeric binder selected from the group consisting of a polyacrylate,polyurethane, silicone emulsion, polystyrene, styrene/acrylicco-polymers and combinations thereof, and from 20 to 50% by weight ofcalcium carbonate. The integrated air/water barrier membrane may furtherinclude at least one of the following: a dispersant, defoamer, pigment,thickener, preservative, pH adjuster, emulsion stabilizer, wetting andleveling agent, cross linker and combinations thereof.

Further embodiments include an exterior sheathing panel in which anintegrated air/water barrier membrane has a dried thickness in the rangefrom 10 to 90 mils.

In some embodiments, an antimicrobial/antifungal agent is added to acementitious core, a cover sheet and/or an integrated air/watermembrane. Suitable antimicrobial agents include 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, silver zeolyte, zinc oxide and zinc pyrithione.

Further embodiments provide an in-plant method of manufacturing anexterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane.The method comprises preparing a slurry with a cementitious material;sandwiching the slurry between two cover sheets; allowing the slurry toset and form a cementitious panel; spray coating the cementitious panelon at least one surface with an integrated air/water barrier membraneformulated with a polymeric binder and calcium carbonate; andconditioning the spray-coated cementitious panel in an oven wherein thepanel is exposed to at least two different temperature zones.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a fragmentary cross-section of the present exterior sheathingpanel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane; and

FIG. 2 depicts a control panel in FIG. 2A and the present exteriorsheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane obtainedby the present method in FIG. 2B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides various embodiments of an exteriorsheathing panel that is physically integrated with an air/water barriermembrane to provide a unique barrier component. An integrated air/waterbarrier membrane sheathing panel can provide an easy to install singlepanel that eliminates the need to individually install separate air andwater resistant barriers at the jobsite. By doing so, the number ofsteps required to complete the building envelope are reduced and thenumber of joints that must be individually sealed are reduced,substantially reducing the time and labor required to meet the air/waterbarrier system performance requirements for a building enclosure. Thisdisclosure also provides embodiments related to methods in whichexterior sheathing panels with air/water barrier membranes are massproduced with uniform and monolithic barrier properties in a controlledfactory environment, thus reducing problems associated with having aninsufficient amount of barrier material applied in the field.Additionally, applying the air/water barrier membrane to the exteriorsheathing in a controlled, automated factory setting as provided in thisdisclosure ensures that the membrane application is not subject to thevicissitudes of weather/environmental variability or worker fatigue,thereby providing a consistent coating thickness with optimal adhesionbond between the air/water barrier membrane and the sheathing substrate.

In particular, in some embodiments, a cementitious exterior sheathingpanel comprises an adhesive fluid-applied air/water barrier on at leastone surface of the panel. Referring to FIG. 1, some embodiments includean exterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barriermembrane, generally designated 10. The panel includes a cementitiouscore 12; a cover sheet 14 a and an optional cover sheet 14 b, and anair/water barrier membrane 16. The cementitious core 12 is sandwichedbetween cover sheets 14 a and 14 b. The cover sheet 14 a is overlaidwith the air/water barrier membrane 16 such that the cover sheet 14 a issandwiched between the cementitious core 12 and the integrated air/waterbarrier membrane 16.

A cementitious sheathing panel can be comprised of any suitableinorganic core material intended for exterior applications. Inparticular, the core can be comprised of any cementitious material,substance, or composition, along with any suitable additives.Non-limiting examples of materials that can be used in the cementitiouscore include: Portland cement; sorrel cement; slag cement; fly ashcement; calcium alumina cement; water-soluble calcium sulfate anhydrite;calcium sulfate α-hemihydrate; calcium sulfate β-hemihydrate; natural,synthetic, or chemically-modified calcium sulfate hemihydrates; calciumsulfate dihydrate (“gypsum,” “set gypsum,” or “hydrated gypsum”); andmixtures thereof. As used herein, the term “calcium sulfate material”refers to any of the forms of calcium sulfate referenced above. Incertain preferred embodiments, the cementitious core comprises a calciumsulfate material, Portland cement, or a mixture thereof. Preferably thecementitious core comprises gypsum.

Examples of suitable cementitious exterior sheathing panels for use inembodiments of the present disclosure include, e.g., thosecommercially-available from United States Gypsum, Chicago, Ill., underthe trade names SHEETROCK®, SHEETROCK FIRECODE®, SECUROCK®, FIBEROCK®,and DUROCK®.

The cementitious core can comprise additives, such as any additivescommonly used to produce cementitious articles (e.g., gypsum board orcement board). Suitable additives include, without limitation,structural additives such as mineral wool, continuous or chopped glassfibers (also referred to as fiberglass), perlite, clay, vermiculite,calcium carbonate, polyester, and paper fiber. Chemical additivesinclude, e.g., foaming agents, fillers, accelerators, sugar, enhancingagents (e.g., phosphates, phosphonates, borates), retarders, binders(e.g., starch and latex), colorants, fungicides, and biocides. Examplesof the use of some of these and other additives are described, forinstance, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,342,284; 6,410,118; 6,632,550; 6,800,131;5,643,510; 5,714,001; and 6,774,146, and U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication Nos. 2004/0231916; 2002/0045074; and 2005/0019618, whichdisclosures are hereby incorporated herein by reference. In certainembodiments, the cementitious core further comprises metal fibers,cellulose fibers, mineral fibers, glass fibers, polymer fibers, carbonfibers, or a combination thereof.

The cementitious core is covered by at least one substrate, and in someembodiments by two substrates, in an overlying manner relative to thecore on opposing faces thereof. In other words, the cementitious core issandwiched between two substrates. The substrate can be a cover sheet,such as a paper cover sheet or a mat, for example. Various types ofpaper cover sheets are known in the art (e.g., manila, kraft, polymer,etc.) and all such types of paper cover sheets may be used in thepresent invention. Multi-ply papers can be used in various embodiments.If desired, the paper cover sheet can be treated with a chemical orphysical additive to impart a property, such as water-proof, fire-proof,antifungal, and/or antimicrobial properties. In some embodiments, thecover sheet is a paper cover sheet having a weight of about 40 to about65 lb/msf (thousand square feet).

In other embodiments, cover sheets comprising fibrous mats are used. Themat can comprise any suitable type of polymer fiber, mineral fiber, orcombination thereof. Non-limiting examples of suitable fibers includeglass fibers, polyamide fibers, polyaramide fibers, polypropylenefibers, polyester fibers (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET)),polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), cellulosic fibers(e.g., cotton, rayon, etc.), and combinations thereof. Furthermore, thefibers of the mat can be hydrophobic or hydrophilic, coated or uncoated.The choice of fibers will depend, in part, on the type of application inwhich the cementitious sheathing panel is to be used. For example, whenthe sheathing panel is used for applications that require heat or fireresistance, appropriate heat or fire resistant fibers should be used inthe fibrous mat.

The fibrous mat can be woven or non-woven. Non-woven mats comprisefibers bound together by a binder. The binder can be any bindertypically used in the mat industry. Suitable binders include, withoutlimitation, urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, stearated melamineformaldehyde, polyester, acrylics, polyvinyl acetate, urea formaldehydeor melamine formaldehyde modified or blended with polyvinyl acetate oracrylic, styrene acrylic polymers, and combinations thereof. Suitablefibrous mats include commercially available mats used as facingmaterials for the cementitious exterior sheathing panels.

The integrated panel can be prepared by any suitable method. In general,an adhesive fluid-applied air/water barrier is applied to at least onesurface (e.g., the exterior facing surface) of a cementitious exteriorsheathing panel. The adhesive fluid can be any suitable composition, andis in the form of a liquid polymer formulation in some embodiments. Anapplying step can comprise any suitable method of adding the liquidpolymer formulation to a surface of the sheathing panel. Such methodsare known in the art and include, e.g., spraying, rolling (e.g.,pressure rolling), troweling, brushing, wiping, dipping, soaking, and/orimpregnating the surface of the panel with the liquid polymerformulation. Once applied, the liquid polymer formulation dries,solidifies, hardens, and/or cures on the surface to provide an adhesivelayer that has air- and/or moisture-proof properties. This step can beperformed at room temperature or at an elevated temperature for aspecified amount of time to achieve the desired level of tackiness.

The liquid polymer formulation can be any suitable material used influid-applied membranes. A suitable formulation for an air/water barrierformulation should meet or exceed the minimum requirements set forth byCAN/ULC-S741 (“Standard for Air Barrier Materials—Specification”) andtested in accordance with by ASTM E2178 (“Standard Test Method for AirPermeance of Building Materials”). Such formulations include those thatprevent or minimize air infiltration/exfiltration and water penetrationthrough an exterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barriermembrane, while the panel still remains permeable to water vapor. Othersuitable air/water barrier formulations include those that prevent orminimize air infiltration/exfiltration through the panel and alsominimize permeability of the panel to water vapors.

In at least some embodiments, after drying and/or curing, the liquidpolymer formulation forms a rubberized (elastomeric) membrane on atleast one surface of an exterior sheathing panel.

At least in some embodiments, the liquid polymer formulation comprisesone or more materials (e.g., polymers) that serve as a polymer binderand provide a self-gasketing effect after the formulation has driedand/or cured. Non-limiting examples of the liquid polymer formulationsuitable for an exterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/waterbarrier membrane include polyacrylate (e.g., polymers and copolymersbased on methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methylacrylate,butylacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-chloroethylvinyl ether,2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate), polystyrene,polybutadiene, poly(butadiene co-styrene), polyisoprene,polyacrylonitrile butadiene, polychloroprene, polyvinyl acetate,polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, silicone emulsion,and combinations thereof. Examples of fluid-applied membranes areexemplified by, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,151,537 and 7,662,221, whichdisclosures are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

In certain embodiments, the liquid polymer formulation is in the form ofa liquid emulsion (e.g., a liquid polymer emulsion), such as awater-based elastomeric emulsion (e.g., a water-based acrylic emulsion)or an oil-based elastomeric emulsion (e.g., a rubberized (elastomeric)emulsion). Solvents used in the emulsion can be water, organic solvent,or a combination thereof. Examples of organic solvent include mineralspirits, mineral oil, xylene, and naphtha.

At least in some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane which wasprepared from a formulation comprising an acrylic emulsion. At least insome embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane with 5 to 80 wt % of apolyacrylate. At least in some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panelwith an integrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane with30 to 70 wt % of a polyacrylate. At least in some embodiments, anexterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membranecomprises a membrane with 40 to 60 wt % of a polyacrylate.

At least in some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane prepared froma formulation comprising polyurethane. At least in some embodiments, anexterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membranecomprises a membrane comprising 5 to 50 wt % of polyurethane. At leastin some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane comprising 10 to 40 wt %of polyurethane. At least in some embodiments, an exterior sheathingpanel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membranewhich comprises a combination of polyurethane with another polymerselected from at least one of the following silicone and a polyacrylate.At least in some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane whichcomprises a styrene co-polymer.

It was unexpectedly discovered that preferred polymeric binders for anintegrated air/water barrier membrane in an exterior sheathing panelinclude acrylic latexes, acrylic styrene co-polymers andstyrene-butadiene dispersions. These polymeric binders can be used inthe amount from 30 to 70%. In some embodiments, a polymeric binder canbe selected from the following commercially available binders: PLIOTECEL-25 (Acrylic Elastomeric Latex) from Omnova, ACRONAL S400 (AqueousPlasticizer-Free Copolymer Dispersion of Acrylic Acid Ester and Styrene)from BASF, UCAR 9176 (Styrene Acrylic Copolymer) from DOW, RHOPLEX 2620(100% Acrylic Polymer) from DOW or BUTONAL NS 175 (High Solids, ColdPolymerized Anionic Styrene-Butadiene Dispersion) from BASF.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane which was prepared froma formulation comprising a polymer emulsion and a dispersant. Variousdispersants can be used to stabilize the emulsion, such as polyvinylalcohols, cellulose and derivatives thereof, vinylpyrrolidone-containingcopolymers, ethoxylated mono-, di- and trialkylphenols, ethoxylatedfatty alcohols and alkali metal and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfates ofsulfuric acid, monoesters of ethoxylated alkanols and of ethoxylatedalkylphenols of alkylsulfonic acids and of alkylarylsulfonic acids, thealkali metal and/or ammonium salts of dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, andthe alkali metal and/or ammonium salts of the sulfuric acid monoester ofethoxylated dodecanol. Dispersants can be added to the formulation in anamount from about 0-10 wt % (e.g., between about 1-9 wt %, between about2-7 wt %, between 3-6 wt %).

In some embodiments, a suitable dispersant includes solution of a highmolecular weight block copolymer with pigment affinic groups, solutionof an ammonium salt of an acrylate copolymer, anionic polyelectroyte,potassium tripolyphosphate and alkylol ammonium salt of a copolymer withacidic groups. These dispersants can be used in the amount from 0-10%and preferably from 0.1-5%. In some embodiments, a dispersant can beselected from the following commercially available dispersants:DISPERBYK-190 (solution of a high molecular weight block copolymer withpigment affinic groups) from BYK, BYK-156 (solution of an ammonium saltof an acrylate copolymer) from BYK, TAMOL 851 (anionic polyelectroyte)from DOW, Potassium Tripolyphosphate (triphosphoric Acid, pentapotassiumsalt) from INNOPHOS, DISPERBYK-180 (alkylol ammonium salt of a copolymerwith acidic groups) from BYK.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with one ormore additives to further enhance the performance of the barriermaterial. Suitable additives include, e.g., petroleum asphalt,limestone, calcium carbonate, a silane (e.g., diaminosilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane), a glycol (e.g., ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether), a tackifier (e.g., a rosin or rosinderivative, such as wood rosin, a terpene or modified terpene, analiphatic, cycloaliphaticm or aromatic resin), an adhesion promoter, acuring catalyst, a crosslinking agent, a termiticide, a fungal growthinhibiting agent (e.g., 2-(4-thiazolyl) benzimidazole, silver zeolyte,zinc oxide and zinc pyrithione), a filler (e.g., kaolin clay, mica,heavy spar, talc, sand, quartz flour, chalk, titanium dioxide, silica,fly ash), and/or a phase change material.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with apolymeric binder described above and calcium carbonate which can be usedin the amount from 20 to 50% by weight. Suitable commercial sources ofcalcium carbonate include, but are not limited to, THIXO-CARB 500™(Precipitated Calcium Carbonate) from Specialty Minerals, ULTRAFLEX 100™(Precipitated Calcium Carbonate) from Specialty Minerals, HUBERCARB Q6™(Calcium Carbonate) from Huber Engineered Materials, OMYACARB 100-PT™(Calcium Carbonate) from Omya, HUBERCARB Q325™ (Calcium Carbonate) fromHuber Engineered Materials and NEOLIGHT SS™ (Precipitated Coated CalciumCarbonate) from Takehara Kagaku Kogyo Co.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with apolymeric binder as described above, calcium carbonate and at least oneor more additives such as a defoamer, pigment, thickener, preservative,pH adjuster, emulsion stabilizer, wetting and leveling agent and crosslinker.

In some embodiments suitable defoamers include, but are not limited to amixture of paraffinic mineral oils and hydrophobic components, moleculescompounded in an enhanced mineral-oil system, a solution of apolyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane, and a mixture offoam-destroying polysiloxanes and hydrophobic solids in polyglycol.These defoamers can be used in the amount from 0.1 to 5%. Suitablecommercial sources for a defoamer include BYK-033™ (mixture ofparaffinic mineral oils and hydrophobic components) from BYK, FOAMSTARST 2410™ aka. FOAMSTAR A10™ (molecule compounded in an enhancedmineral-oil system) from BASF, BYK-019™ (solution of apolyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane) from BYK, BYK-021™ (mixture offoam-destroying polysiloxanes and hydrophobic solids in polyglycol) fromBYK.

In some embodiments suitable pigments include, but are not limited to,titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, carbon black, micronized precipitatedsilica, talc and combinations thereof. These pigments can be used in theamount from 0.1% to 10% by weight. Suitable commercial sources for apigment include HUNTSMAN TR93™ (Titanium Dioxide) from Maroon Inc., ZOCO101™ (Zinc Oxide) from Zochem Icc., SOLTEX ACE BLACK™ (Carbon Black)from Soltex, ZEOTHIX 265™ (Micronized precipitated silica) from Huber,and SIERRALITE 402S™ (Talc) from Imerys.

In some embodiments suitable thickeners include, but are not limited to,at least one of the following: hydroxyethylcellulose, acrylic thickener,anionic inverse emulsion thickener, HASE, and hydrophobically modifiedalkali swellable acrylic emulsion. These thickeners can be used in theamount from 0.1% to 5% by weight. Suitable commercial sources for athickener include NATROSOL 250 HBR™ (Hydroxyethylcellulose) from AshlandInc., ACRYSOL ASE-95NP™ (Alkali Soluble, Acrylic Thickener) from DOW,TEXIPOL 63-510™ (Anionic Inverse Emulsion Thickener) from Scott Bader,POLYPHOBE 106HE™ (HASE) from Arkema, and SOLTHIX A100™ (HydrophobicallyModified Alkali Swellable Acrylic Emulsion) from Lubrizol.

In some embodiments suitable preservatives include, but are not limitedto, at least one of the following:2[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]-2-methylpropanol, 3-iodo-2-propnynyl butylcarbamate, n-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-n,n-Dimethlyurea, 1,2benzisothiazolin-3-one and tetrachloroisophthalonitrile. Thesethickeners can be used in the amount from 0.1% to 5% by weight. Suitablecommercial sources for a thickener include TROYSAN 186™(2[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]-2-methylpropanol) from Troy Corporation,POLYPHASE AF1™ (3-iodo-2-propnynyl butyl carbamate) from TroyCorporation, POLYPHASE 663™ (n-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-n,n-Dimethlyurea)from Troy Corporation, MERGAL 758™ (1,2 benzisothiazolin-3-one) fromTroy Corporation and NUOCIDE 404D™ (Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) fromAshland Inc.

In some embodiments suitable pH adjusters include, but are not limitedto, at least one of the following: calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide,potassium hydroxide, 30% aqua ammonia and 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.These pH adjusters can be used in the amount 0.1% to 5% by weight.Suitable commercial sources for a pH adjuster include Calcium Hydroxide(Calcium Hydroxide) from Jost Chemical, Caustic Soda (Sodium HydroxideSolution) from OXYChem, Potassium hydroxide (Potassium Hydroxide) fromChem One Ltd., Ammonia Hydroxide Solution (30% Aqua Ammonia) from TannerIndustries, and AMP 95 (2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol) from Angus.

In some embodiments suitable emulsion stabilizers include, but are notlimited to, at least one of the following: bentonite clay, a highmolecular weight crosslinked copolymer of acrylic acid and C10-C30 alkylacrylate, nonionic octylphenol ethoxylate surfactant, tall oil resin andnatural resin extract. These emulsion stabilizers can be used in theamount from 0.1% to 5% by weight. Suitable commercial sources for anemulsion stabilizer include OPTIGEL LX™ (Bentonite Clay) from BYK,PEMUIEN 1622™ (a high molecular weight, crosslinked copolymer of acrylicacid and C10-C30 alkyl acrylate) from Lubrizol, TRITON X405™ (nonionic,octylphenol ethoxylate surfactant) from DOW Chemical Company, SYLVAROS™NCY (Tall Oil Resin) from Arizona Chemical, and VINSOL™ SOAP (NaturalResin extract) Pinnova.

In some embodiments suitable wetting and leveling agents include, butare not limited to, at least one of the following: sulfosuccinate,polyether modified siloxane, urea modified polyurethane, modified ureaammonium salt of an acrylate copolymer. These wetting and levelingagents can be used in the amount from 0.1 to 5% by weight. Suitablecommercial sources for a wetting and leveling agent include AEROSOL™LF-4 (Proprietary Sulfosuccinate Blend) from Cytec, BYK-349 (PolyetherModified Siloxane), BYK-425 (Urea Modified Polyurethane), BYK-420(Modified Urea), and BYK-154 (Ammonium Salt of an Acrylate Copolymer)from BYK.

In some embodiments suitable cross linkers include, but are not limitedto, at least one of the following: zinc oxide, zinc metal ions,stabilized ammonium zirconium carbonate containing anionic hydroxylatedzirconium polymers and epoxy functional silane. These cross linkers canbe used in the amount from 0.1% to 5% by weight. Suitable commercialsources for a cross linker include Zinc Oxide (zinc Oxide) from US Zinc,ZIMPLEX™ 15 (Zinc metal ions) from Munzing, BACOTE™ 20 (clear alkalinesolution of stabilized ammonium zirconium carbonate, containing anionichydroxylated zirconium polymers) from Melchemical Inc., OXYLINK™ 3404(Aqueous formulation of inorganic particles including zinc oxide) fromBuhler Group, and SILANE™ A-187 (Epoxy functional silane) fromMomentive.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with asuitable polymer as described above and at least one of the followingadditives: petroleum asphalt, limestone, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay,mica, heavy spar, talc, sand, quartz flour, chalk, titanium dioxide,silica, fly ash, gypsum, or a combination of at least two of theseadditives. The additives may be used in different amounts, includingfrom 20 to 80% by weight; from 25 to 75% by weight and from 30 to 60% byweight. In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulatedwith a polyacrylate and at least one of the following additives:petroleum asphalt, limestone, calcium carbonate, kaolin clay, mica,heavy spar, talc, sand, quartz flour, chalk, titanium dioxide, silica,fly ash, gypsum, or a combination of at least two of these additives.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with ananti-microbial and anti-fungal agent selected from 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, silver zeolyte, zinc oxide and zinc pyrithione. Ananti-microbial/anti-fungal agent can be used in various amounts,including from about 1 to about 10% by weight or from about 3 to about7% by weight.

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane which comprises apigment. Various pigments can be used, including chemical compounds thatprovide a black, brown, blue, green, red, yellow, orange or whitepigment.

Examples of commercially-available fluid-applied air/water barriersinclude those marketed under the trade names: EXOAIR™ (Tremco), TYVEK™(DuPont), R-GUARD™ (Prosoco), AIR-SHIELD™ (W. R. Meadows), STOGUARD™(Sto Corp.), and AIR BLOC™ (Henry Co.).

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane comprises a membrane formulated with apolymer binder, calcium carbonate and other components as provided inTable 1 below.

TABLE 1 Integrated Air/Water Barrier Membrane Formulations Weight %Component Commercial Source and Examples Range Polymeric OMNOVA'sPliotec EL-25 (Acrylic 30-70% Binder Elastomeric Latex) BASF's AcronalS400 (Aqueous Plasticizer-Free Copolymer Dispersion of Acrylic AcidEster and Styrene) DOW's Ucar 9176 (Styrene Acrylic Copolymer) DOW'sRhoplex 2620 (100% Acrylic Polymer) BASF's Butonal NS 175 (High Solids,Cold Polymerized Anionic Styrene- Butadiene Dispersion) Dispersant BYK'sDISPERBYK-190 (Solution of a 0-5% high molecular weight block copolymerwith pigment affinic groups) BYK's BYK-156 (Solution of an ammonium saltof an acrylate copolymer) DOW's Tamol 851 (Anionic Polyelectroyte)INNOPHOS's Potassium Tripolyphosphate (Triphosphoric Acid,Pentapotassium Salt) BYK's DISPERBYK-180 (Alkylol ammonium salt of acopolymer with acidic groups) Defoamer BYK's BYK-033 (Mixture ofparaffinic 0-5% mineral oils and hydrophobic components) BASF's FoamStarST 2410 aka. FoamStar A10 (Molecule compounded in an enhancedmineral-oil system) BYK's BYK-019 (Solution of a polyether-modifiedpolydimethylsiloxane) BYK's BYK-021 (Mixture of foam- destroyingpolysiloxanes and hydrophobic solids in polyglycol) Pigment MAROONINC.'s Huntsman TR 93  0-10% (Titanium Dioxide) ZOCHEM ICC.'s ZOCO 101(Zinc Oxide) SOLTEX's Soltex Ace Black (Carbon Black) HUBER's Zeothix265 (Micronized precipitated silica) IMERYS' Sierralite 402S (Talc)Calcium SPECIALTY MINERALS's Thixo-Carb 20-50% Carbonate 500(Precipitated Calcium Carbonate) SPECIALTY MINERALS's UltraFlex 100(Precipitated Calcium Carbonate) HUBER ENGINEERED MATERIALS's HubercarbQ6 (Calcium Carbonate) OMYA's Omyacarb 100-PT (Calcium Carbonate) HUBERENGINEERED MATERIALS's Hubercarb Q325 (Calcium Carbonate) TAKEHARAKAGAKU KOGYO CO's Neolight SS (Precipitated Coated Calcium Carbonate)Thickener ASHLAND INC.'s Natrosol 250 HBR 0-5% (Hydroxyethylcellulose)DOW's Acrysol ASE-95NP (Alkali Soluble, Acrylic Thickener) SCOTT BADER'sTexipol 63-510 (Anionic Inverse Emulsion Thickener) ARKEMA'S Polyphobe106HE (HASE) LUBRIZOL's Solthix A100 (Hydrophobically Modified AlkaliSwellable Acrylic Emulsion) Preservative TROY CORPORATION's Troysan 1860-5% (2[(Hydroxymethyl)amino]-2- methylpropanol) TROY CORPORATION'sPolyphase AF1 (3-iodo-2-propnynyl butyl carbamate) TROY CORPORATION'SPolyphase 663 (n-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-n,n- Dimethlyurea) TROYCORPORATION's Mergal 758 (1,2 benzisothiazolin-3-one) ASHLAND INC.'sNuocide 404D (Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile) pH Adjuster JOST CHEMICAL'sCalcium Hydroxide 0-5% (Calcium Hydroxide) OXYChem's Caustic Soda(Sodium Hydroxide Solution) CHEM ONE LTD.'s Potassium hydroxide(Potassium Hydroxide) TANNER INDUSTRIES's Ammonia Hydroxide Solution(30% Aqua Ammonia) ANGUS's AMP 95 (2-Amino-2-methyl-1- propanol)Emulsion BYK's Optigel LX (Bentonite Clay) 0-5% Stabilizer LUBRIZOL'sPemuien 1622 (a high molecular weight, crosslinked copolymer of acrylicacid and C10-C30 alkyl acrylate) DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY's Triton X405(nonionic, octylphenol ethoxylate surfactant) ARIZONA CHEMICAL'sSYLVAROS ™ NCY (Tall Oil Rosin) PINNOVA's Vinsol Soap (Natural Resinextract) Wetting & CYTEC's Aerosol LF-4 (Proprietary 0-5% Leveling AgentSulfosuccinate Blend) BYK's BYK-349 (Polyether Modified Siloxane) BYK'sBYK-425 (Urea Modified Polyurethane) BYK's BYK-420 (Modified Urea) BYK'sBYK-154 (Ammonium Salt of an Acrylate Copolymer) Cross Linker US zinc'sZinc Oxide (zinc Oxide) 0-5% MUNZING's Zimplex 15 (Zinc metal ions)MELCHEMICAL INC.'s Bacote 20 (clear alkaline solution of stabilizedammonium zirconium carbonate, containing anionic hydroxylated zirconiumpolymers) BUHLER GROUP's Oxylink 3404 (Aqueous formulation of inorganicparticles including zinc oxide) MOMENTIVE's Silane A-187 (Epoxyfunctional silane)

In some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane is manufactured by a method that controls athickness of the integrated air/water barrier membrane. The thicknesscan be controlled such that an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane significantly reduces airinfiltration/exfiltration and water penetration through the panel. Someembodiments provide an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane which reduces air infiltration/exfiltrationand water penetration through the panel by at least 50%. Some otherembodiments provide an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane which reduces air infiltration/exfiltrationand water penetration through the panel by at least 70-80%. Exteriorsheathing panels with an integrated air/water barrier membrane whichsufficiently reduce air infiltration/exfiltration and water penetrationinclude those panels in which a dried thickness of the integratedair/water barrier membrane is at least 10 mils, at least 20 mils, atleast 30 mils, at least 40 mils, at least 50 mils, at least 60 mils, atleast 70 mils; and less than 100 mils, less than 90 mils, less than 80mils, less than 70 mils, less than 60 mils, less than 50 mils, less than40 mils. The foregoing values can be combined in any suitable rangeusing the upper and lower values, e.g., 10-90 mils, 20-80 mils, 40-80mils, 60-80 mils, etc.

In order to obtain an exterior sheathing panel with an integratedair/water barrier membrane, the membrane formulation can be applied tothe panel in a thickness of 5-100 mils (e.g., at least 5 mil, at least10 mils, at least 20 mils, at least 30 mils, at least 40 mils, at least50 mils, at least 60 mils, at least 70 mils; and less than 100 mils,less than 90 mils, less than 80 mils, less than 70 mils, less than 60mils, less than 50 mils, less than 40 mils). The foregoing values can becombined in any suitable range using the upper and lower values, e.g.,10-90 mils, 20-80 mils, 40-80 mils, 60-80 mils, etc. Since the membrane(e.g., liquid polymer formulation) typically is applied as an emulsion,the initial layer is “wet.” As the membrane dries, the thickness of themembrane layer will shrink depending on the concentration of theformulation. Accordingly, the dried thickness will be reduced in sizefrom the initial wet thickness in an amount of about 10% or more (e.g.,about 20% or more, about 30% or more, about 40% or more, about 50%).

In an embodiment, a cementitious exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane on at least one surface, asdescribed above, further comprises a sheet membrane adhered to theintegrated air/water barrier membrane. After the integrated air/waterbarrier membrane is formed on the panel, a sheet membrane with air-and/or moisture-resistant properties can be applied to the membrane. Thesheet membrane can be applied to the integrated air/water barriermembrane using any suitable method, such as laying, rolling, laminating,calendering, and/or pressing. Typically the sheet membrane will be cutto a size commensurate with the cementitious exterior sheathing panel.The sheet generally can be cut prior to application to the panel, but insome embodiments, the sheet membrane is applied in roll form to a seriesof joined panels, which can then be cut to define single integratedpanels.

In some embodiments, the integrated air/water barrier membrane typicallyhas a sufficiently adhesive characteristic to secure the sheet membranewithout additional adhesive(s).

In some embodiments, a system for installation of an exterior sheathingpanel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane is provided. Suchsystem may include one or more supplemental adhesive coatings and/orsealants which can be applied to the integrated air/water barriermembrane of the exterior sheathing panel. The additional adhesive can beapplied over the entire surface of the panel or in select areas of thesurface (e.g., the perimeter, the center, parallel edges, etc.). Anadditional adhesive can be any suitable material, such as those marketedunder the trade names: EXOAIR™ (Tremco), TYVEK™ (DuPont), R-GUARD™(Prosoco), AIR-SHIELD™ (W. R. Meadows), STOGUARD™ (Sto Corp.), and AIRBLOC™ (Henry Co.). In some embodiments, suitable sealants include apolyurethane-based sealant such as SPECTREM 1™ (Tremco) and a siliconebased sealant such as DYMONIC 100™ (Tremco). At least in someembodiments, an installation system includes an exterior sheathing panelwith an air/water barrier membrane and at least one polyurethane-basedand/or silicone based sealant.

While in some embodiments, an exterior sheathing panel with anintegrated air/water barrier membrane can be used in combination with anadditional sheet membrane, in other embodiments the exterior sheathingpanel can be used without the sheet membrane. The sheet membrane withair- and/or moisture-resistant properties (also known as house orbuilding wrap) can be any suitable material, such as those prepared fromasphalt-impregnated paper or fiberglass, microperforated cross-lappedfilms, films laminated to spunbound nonwovens, films laminated or coatedto polypropylene wovens, supercalendered wetlaid polyolefin (e.g.,polyethylene) fibril nonwoven (e.g., TYVEK™), and drainable house wraps.In embodiments, a suitable sheet membrane can meet or exceed the minimumrequirements set forth by ASTM E2178 (“Standard Test Method for AirPermeance of Building Materials”). Examples of sheet building wraps areshown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,148,160 and U.S. PatentApplication Publication Nos. 2006/0040091 and 2006/0051560, e.g., whichdisclosures are hereby incorporated by reference herein. Examples ofcommercially-available sheet membranes include those marketed under thefollowing trade names: Tri-Built Building Wrap (Tri-Built), TYVEK™(DuPont), HARDIEWRAP™ (James Hardie), HYDROGAP™ (Benjamin Obdyke),WEATHERMATE™ (Dow), BLUESKIN™ (Henry Co.), FOILSKIN™ (Henry Co.),AIR-SHIELD™ (W. R. Meadows), and CERTAWRAP™ (CertainTeed).

The integrated air/water barrier membrane, optionally in combinationwith a sheet membrane, enables the panel system (cementitious panel,integrated air/water barrier membrane, and optionally sheet membrane)with the versatile ability to adjust and/or alter the water vaporpermeance rate of the panel. The ability to adjust the water vaporpermeance rate of an air- and moisture-resistant cementitious exteriorsheathing panel, while retaining a consistent panel thickness isparticularly beneficial, depending on the designed and/or intendedperformance of the exterior building envelope. Based on a particular setof building science design principles concerning moisture management inwall assemblies and/or the geographical and climate region of use, theair- and moisture-resistant cementitious exterior sheathing panel mayneed to be fabricated having different water vapor permeance rates toaddress particular building energy performance requirements and/orbuilding envelope designed performance. For example, the U.S. DepartmentOf Energy describes seven (7) climate zones. Each of the seven zones isbased on the extent of heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days(CDD). These metrics are used to classify how severe the heating andcooling conditions are for buildings in different regions of thecountry. For example, Climate Zone 1 (South Florida) has CDD>9000 andbuilding space conditioning is dominated entirely by cooling.Conversely, in an area like the upper Midwest located in Climate Zone 6,building energy use is dominated by heating loads, with HDD greater than7200 and less than 9000. Moisture and humidity conditions must also beconsidered during the design process. Humidity considerations have amajor impact on optimizing the energy systems within housing, oftendictating which materials or systems work best in terms of both energyperformance and moisture control. For instance, in hot and dry climates,evaporative cooling systems can provide the space cooling for homes;typically using less energy than traditional vapor compression A/Csystems. Meanwhile, in areas like the hot/humid Southeast, specialattention must be given to the vapor permeability of exterior wallassemblies to prevent serious moisture and mold problems in the buildingenvelope. Hence, the need for different water vapor permeance ratesrelating to air and moisture-proof cementitious exterior sheathingpanels is of importance.

The water vapor permeance rate can be modified by adjusting the amountof the integrated air/water barrier membrane applied and/or by adjustingthe designed water vapor permeance rate of the constructed optionalsheet membrane which does not change in thickness while at the same canbe intentionally constructed having different water vapor permeancerates. An exemplary method to modify and/or adjust the designed watervapor permeance rate of the air and moisture-proof cementitious exteriorsheathing panel would be to provide a panel that remains dimensionallyconsistent in thickness. In practical applications where a consistentpanel thickness is desired but different water vapor permeance ratesdesired, the integrated air/water barrier membrane would remain fixed,and the optional sheet membrane water vapor permeance rate altered toachieve a wide range of water vapor permeance rated air andmoisture-resistant cementitious exterior sheathing panel types. Thesheet membrane also prevents the integrated panels from adhering(blocking) to one another.

In another embodiment, a cementitious sheathing panel comprises anintegrated air/water barrier membrane on at least one surface of thepanel and a standoff material that is at least partially embedded in themembrane. The standoff material is any suitable material that can beembedded in the integrated air/water barrier membrane to preventintegrated panels from adhering (blocking) to one another. Given therubberized nature of the membrane, the surface can remain tacky, evenafter drying and/or curing. As a result, a standoff material thatphysically prevents adjacent integrated panels from coming in contactwith each other can be used to prevent adhesion and/or damage to theintegrated panels.

In an embodiment, the standoff material is an open weave mesh. The meshis prepared from any suitable material. For example, the mesh cancomprise a natural or synthetic material (e.g., fiber), such as cotton,jute, sisal, wool, hemp, flax, bamboo, linen, glass, metal, nylon,polyethylene, polypropylene, acrylic, polyester, carbon fiber, andcombinations thereof. If desired, the mesh material can have certainproperties, such as fire-resistance, mold-resistance, water-resistance,and/or alkali-resistance, which are either intrinsic to the material orthe result of a chemical additive and/or treatment.

To provide an anti-blocking property, the mesh should be of a thicknessthat is greater than the dried thickness of the membrane. The diameterof the strands of the mesh can be selected such that a portion of themesh extends beyond the surface of the dried membrane. The size(tightness) of the weave is not particularly limited, but to save cost,the spacing between strands of the mesh can range from about 1 to 1.5inches (about 2.54 to 3.81 cm). A more open weave also ensures that themesh does not interfere with the self-gasketing effect provided by themembrane with respect to the fasteners used during installation of theintegrated panel.

The mesh preferably is applied as a sheet that is commensurate with thesize of the integrated panel. The mesh can be applied at any desirablestage to the membrane. For example, the membrane can be fully wet,partially dry, or fully dried, as long as the membrane retains asuitable amount of adhesiveness to allow the mesh to embed and beretained.

In another embodiment, the standoff material is a pellet or bead that isat least partially embedded in the membrane. The pellet or bead is anysuitable material that provides an anti-blocking effect. The only reallimitations are that the pellets or beads are made of a durable materialand have a size (i.e., diameter or thickness) that is greater than thethickness of the dried membrane so that a portion of each pellet/beadextends beyond the surface of the dried membrane. Suitable materialsinclude a polymer (e.g., polyethylene (including HDPE), polypropylene,polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polyester, acrylic, rubber, andcombinations thereof), wood, metal, and glass. The pellet/bead couldalso be formed from a hot-melt adhesive, such as those based on ethylenevinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene acrylate copolymers, polyester,polyethylene, and polypropylene.

The pellets/beads can be deposited in any suitable manner in order toallow the pellets/beads to embed themselves in the membrane. Thepellets/beads can be applied at any desirable stage to the membrane. Forexample, the membrane can be fully wet, partially dry, or fully dried,as long as the membrane retains a suitable amount of adhesiveness toallow the pellets/beads to embed and be retained. In a preferredembodiment, the pellets/beads are deposited in a grid or array-likepattern over the entire span of the integrated panel. The frequency ofthe deposition of the pellets/beads is not particularly limited, as longas the anti-blocking property is maintained (e.g., a spacing of every 1inch (2.54 cm), every two inches (5.08 cm), every three inches (7.62cm), etc.). In a preferred embodiment, the placement of thepellets/beads does not interfere with the self gasketing effect providedby the membrane with respect to the fasteners used during installationof the integrated panel.

Further embodiments provide a method for manufacturing an exteriorsheathing panel with an air/water barrier membrane. The method includessteps of preparing a cementitious slurry and fabricating a cementitiouspanel by sandwiching the slurry between two cover sheets. After thecementitious panel is set, it is coated with an air/water barriermembrane. In some embodiments, a cementitious panel is fabricated bysandwiching a cementitious slurry comprising gypsum between twofiberglass mats. After the cementitious panel is set, it is spraycoated, roll coated or flood coated with an air/water barrier membranewhich is formulated as provided in Table 1. There are many advantages toa method described above. When performed under controlled conditionsincluding constantly monitored and maintained temperature, the methodproduces an exterior sheathing panel with an air/water barrier membranewith the consistent thickness, uniformity and even adhesive bond of themembrane to the cementitious panel.

It was unexpectedly discovered, that an exterior sheathing panel with anair/water barrier membrane as described above has excellentmembrane-to-panel adhesive strength and performs very well in adhesivestrength testing, including the standardized ASTM C297 test. Table 2below shows ASTM C297 bond test results for an exterior sheathing panelwith an air/water barrier membrane as described above and prepared byfour different spray coating methods A through D (Method A—spray coatingout of the middle of the panel; Method B—spray coating out of the codededge; Method C—spray coating out of a 4 ft cross machine directionsection; and Method D—hand sprayed with a hand held pump).

TABLE 2 Adhesive Strength Z-bonds - psi Sample # A B C D 1 26.5 32 20.2537.75 2 24.75 35.5 33.25 28 3 16.25 39.75 30.25 30.25 4 25.25 29.2533.25 42.75 5 25.75 32 33.25 36.5 Avg 23.7 33.7 30.05 35.05 StanDev 4.24.0 5.6 5.9

It was unexpectedly discovered that an exterior sheathing panel with anair/water barrier membrane as described above provides excellentmembrane-to-panel adhesive strength and meets the minimum of 15 psiZ-directional tensile adhesive strength in the ASTM C297 bond test. Asshown in Table 2 above, the average failure point for all panels isabove 20 psi. Further, it was also unexpectedly discovered that thefailure point for all panels in Table 2 is within the panel itself, i.e.between the glass-mat facer and the gypsum core.

It was also unexpectedly discovered that an exterior sheathing panelformulated with an air/water barrier membrane formulated according toTable 1 performs better than panels formulated with commerciallyavailable coatings such as EXOAIR™ 230, ICE™ coating, TREMGARD™ HB (allfrom Tremco) in various tests including adhesion, UV stability, airpermeance, viscosity ease of spray application, surface tacking andblocking, and drying defects. Some comparative data is provided in Table3 below.

TABLE 3 Comparative Analysis The ExoAir ICE Tremgard InventiveCharacteristics 230 coating HB Formulation Adhesion (Z-bond Pass N/A N/APass adhesion ≥ 15 psi) UV stability (no surface Pass Pass Pass Passcracking after 1000 hours QUV-A) Vapor permeance Pass Fail Pass Pass(ASTM E-96) (11.71 (4.76 (12 (12.98 Perms) Perms) Perms) Perms) Dryingdefect free (no Fail N/A Fail Pass blistering, cracking at 180° F.Surface tack/blocking Fail N/A Fail Pass (no blocking at 7.5 psi after30 minutes) Viscosity (ease of spray Fail N/A Fail Pass application) VOC(as low as Fail Fail Fail Pass possible) (37 (14 (22 (8 g/L) g/L) g/L)g/L) Nail Sealability (ASTM Pass N/A Pass Pass D-1970)

It was also unexpectedly discovered that conditioning an exteriorsheathing panel with an air/water barrier membrane in an oven preventsproblems with panel blocking. Such conditioned panels have acquired ananti-blocking property and can be stock-piled without the need for meshor other standoff material.

It was further unexpectedly discovered that the best results areachieved when the panel is conditioned in an oven with two differenttemperature zones. In some embodiments, it is preferred that the panelis first conditioned in a first temperature zone with a lowertemperature and then moved into a second temperature zone in which thesecond temperature is higher than the first temperature in the firsttemperature zone. In some embodiments, the first temperature zone can beset up between 100 and 140° F. and the second temperature zone can beset up between 160 and 190° F. This conditioning method for obtaining anexterior sheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membranewith an anti-blocking property can be used for a panel with anyintegrated air/water barrier membrane described in this disclosure. Insome embodiments, the conditioning method is used on an exteriorsheathing panel with an integrated air/water barrier membrane formulatedwith a polymer binder and calcium carbonate as provided in Table 1. Asshown in FIG. 2A, an integrated air/water barrier membrane formulatedwith a polymer binder and calcium carbonate as provided in Table 1 wassubjected to conditioning in a higher temperature zone only. This paneldeveloped blistering. Unlike the panel in FIG. 2a , a second integratedair/water barrier membrane formulated with a polymer binder and calciumcarbonate as provided in Table 1 was subjected to conditioning by atwo-zone method. As shown in FIG. 2B, this second panel did not developblisters and had excellent anti-blocking property without the need for amesh or any other additional treatment.

Any of the integrated panels described herein can be part of a systemthat includes an integrated panel that is adhered to one or more wallstuds or ceiling joists via a fastener (e.g., a screw, a nail) with theintegrated air/water barrier membrane as an outward facing material. Twoadjacent panels are joined at the seams using a suitable joint tape andjoint compound. If desired, an additional flashing layer can be added asa further air and water barrier. A cladding material (e.g., siding,shingle, stone) is further adhered to the exterior facing surface of theintegrated panel. The entire system is designed to prevent thepenetration of air and water through the panel to the interior of thestructure.

All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to thesame extent as if each reference were individually and specificallyindicated to be incorporated by reference and were set forth in itsentirety herein.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the invention (especially in the context of thefollowing claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and theplural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted bycontext. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing”are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, butnot limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of valuesherein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referringindividually to each separate value falling within the range, unlessotherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated intothe specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methodsdescribed herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwiseindicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The useof any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the inventionand does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe invention.

Example 1 Manufacturing an Exterior Sheathing Panel with IntegratedAir/Water Barrier Membrane

A cementitious panel was prepared with a cementious core comprisinggypsum which was sandwiched between two fiberglass mats. Thecementitious panel was allowed to set.

An air/water barrier membrane was formulated with a polymeric binder,calcium carbonate and an anti-fungal agent as shown in Table 1. Thecementitious panel was spray coated with the air/water barrier membrane.A second control coated panel was prepared in parallel.

The first coated panel was conditioned in an oven at a first temperaturezone at a temperature in the range from 100-140° F. and was then movedto a second temperature zone and further conditioned at a temperature inthe range from 160 to 190° F.

The second control coated panel was conditioned in the same oven, butonly in the second temperature zone at a temperature in the range from160 to 190° F.

While the first coated panel was fully conditioned, had no blisters andhad acquired an anti-blocking property as shown in FIG. 2B, the secondcontrol panel was covered with blisters of coating which was pilling offand the control panel was not properly conditioned as shown in FIG. 2A.

What is claimed is:
 1. An exterior sheathing panel with an exteriorfacing surface and comprising a gypsum core, the gypsum core beingoverlaid with a fibrous mat, the fibrous mat being overlaid on theexterior facing surface with an integrated air and water barriermembrane, wherein the integrated air and water barrier membrane reduceswater penetration through the exterior sheathing panel and wherein theintegrated air and water barrier membrane is water vapor permeable, andwherein the integrated air and water barrier membrane comprises: (a)polyacrylate, acrylic styrene co-polymer, styrene-butadiene co-polymeror any combination thereof; (b) dispersant; (c) defoamer; (d) pigment;(e) calcium carbonate; (f) thickener; (g) wetting and leveling agent;and (h) cross-linker; and wherein the air and water barrier membranecomprises ingredients (a) through (h) in the following amounts: 30 to 70wt % the polyacrylate, the acrylic styrene co-polymer, thestyrene-butadiene co-polymer or any combination thereof; 0.1 to 5 wt %the dispersant; 0.1 to 5 wt % the defoamer; 0.1 to 10 wt % the pigment;20 to 50 wt % the calcium carbonate; 0.1 to 5 wt % the thickener; 0.1 to5 wt % the wetting and leveling agent; and 0.1 to 5 wt % thecross-linker.
 2. The exterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein thefibrous mat is woven or non-woven.
 3. The exterior sheathing panel ofclaim 2, wherein the fibrous mat comprises polymer fibers, glass fibers,mineral fibers or any combination thereof.
 4. The exterior sheathingpanel of claim 1, wherein the integrated air and water barrier membranehas a dried thickness in the range from 10 to 90 mils.
 5. The exteriorsheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the integrated air and water barriermembrane further comprises one or more of the following: preservative,pH adjuster, emulsion stabilizer or any combination thereof.
 6. Theexterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the integrated air andwater barrier membrane reduces air infiltration through the panel by atleast 50%.
 7. The exterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein thefibrous mat is non-woven and comprises glass fibers bound together by apolymeric binder which comprises one or more from the following: ureaformaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, stearated melamine formaldehyde,polyester, acrylics, polyvinyl acetate, urea formaldehyde or melamineformaldehyde modified or blended with polyvinyl acetate or acrylic, astyrene acrylic polymer, or any combination thereof.
 8. The exteriorsheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the wetting and leveling agentcomprises one or more of the following: sulfosuccinate, polyethermodified siloxane, urea modified polyurethane, and modified ureaammonium salt of an acrylate copolymer.
 9. The exterior sheathing panelof claim 1, wherein the cross linker comprises one or more of thefollowing: zinc oxide, zinc metal ions, stabilized ammonium zirconiumcarbonate containing anionic hydroxylated zirconium polymers, and epoxyfunctional silane.
 10. The exterior sheathing panel of claim 1, whereinthe exterior sheathing panel further comprises a sheet membrane beingapplied over the integrated air and water barrier membrane.
 11. Theexterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the exterior sheathingpanel further comprises a standoff material being embedded at leastpartially in the air and water barrier membrane.
 12. The exteriorsheathing panel of claim 1, wherein one or more of the followingmaterials are embedded in the air and water barrier membrane: mesh,pellets, beads or any combination thereof.
 13. The exterior sheathingpanel of claim 1, wherein the air and water barrier membrane comprisesembedded pellets and/or beads, and wherein at least some pellets and/orbeads extend partially from the surface of the air and water barriermembrane.
 14. The exterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the airand water barrier membrane further comprises one or more of thefollowing: kaolin clay, mica, heavy spar, talc, sand, quartz flour,chalk, titanium dioxide, silica, fly ash, gypsum, or any combinationthereof.
 15. The exterior sheathing panel of claim 1, wherein the airand water barrier membrane further comprises one or more of thefollowing: polyurethane, silicone or a combination thereof.
 16. Aninstallation system comprising the exterior sheathing panel of claim 1and at least one polyurethane-based and/or silicone-based sealant.